“Manly, well-written, with considerable graphic power.” - The AthenaeumColonel Charles Henry Churchill (1807–1869), also known as "Churchill Bey", was a British army officer and diplomat. He was a British consul in Ottoman Syria, and he created the first political plan for Zionism and the creation of the state of Israel in the region of Ottoman Palestine.In 1862 Churchill’s book “The Druzes and the Maronites under the Turkish Rule from 1840 to 1860” was published, covering his personal experiences witnessing the sectarian violence and attrocities committed by the Druze against the Marionite Christians. Churchill lays blame at the feet of the Moslem Turkish government for conspiring to murder its own subjects, after having deliberately disarmed them.These tribes had lived on perfectly amicable terms in the mountain, for centuries. The Turkish Government at Constantinople had frequently been desirous of subjecting the whole district to the sway of a Turkish Pasha; but the project had always been haughtily and indignantly repelled. Although rival factions had often divided the inhabitants of the Lebanon, it was not till the year 1841 that the Druzes and Maronites were found ranged on hostile sides. Rev. Ferguson in his book “Sacred scenes; or, notes of travel in Egypt and the Holy Land” notes that “this opposition was, without doubt, to be traced to hatred of Christianity. The Christians, both of Lebanon and Damascus, had become so prosperous towards the close of Ibrahim Pasha’s rule in 1840, that the jealousy of the Moslems knew no bounds, and, with the full connivance of the government of the Sultan, the officials in the pashalic of Damascus adopted the diabolical policy of setting Druzes against Christians, just as the men who delight in dog‘ fights or cock-fights set one animal against another; and this they did for the double purpose of getting the Christians rooted out, whom they hated with a perfect hatred, and of eventually bringing the whole region under their own sway, so that the fastnesses of the mountain might no longer become a rallying-point for the turbulent and disaffected.”Colonel Churchill‘s little volume is the most complete account of those sad massacres which in 1860 drew all eyes upon Syria and the Lebanon. An eye-witness of those horrors, his warm appeal for a more decisive European intervention, does honour to his feelings; but his clear account of Turkish diplomacy shows that nothing short of European occupation would be adequate to the end proposed.Colonel Churchill had close relations with both parties. He married the daughter of a Maronite emir. It was the savagery of the Druzes in the war of 1860 that naturally awoke his sympathy for their victims the Marionites.In introducing his book, Churchill writes:"The following pages afford the most conclusive testimony as to the intenseness and magnitude of this enormity on the part of the Turks. They show, likewise, that the policy which sanctioned their barbarities towards the native Christians, is not the offspring of unguarded and momentary impulse, but the suggestion of a spirit of calculating and deliberate malice and hatred, spreading its meshes through a long series of years, to circumvent and then trample upon its unfortunate victims."The time is fast approaching when the imperative claims of Christianity and humanity must and ought to absorb all others in the muchvexed Eastern Question. I would fain hope that this present work may induce some to take this point of view when contemplating England's present or anticipated action in the political affairs of the Ottoman empire."
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Title: The Druzes and the Maronites Under the Turkish Rule from 1840 to 1860 (1862)
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